It is sometimes necessary for a task or an ISR to communicate information to another task. This information transfer is called inter-task communication. Information can be communicated between tasks in two ways: through global data, or by sending messages.
As seen in Chapter 13, “Resource Management”, when using global variables, each task or ISR must ensure that it has exclusive access to variables. If an ISR is involved, the only way to ensure exclusive access to common variables is to disable interrupts. If two tasks share data, each can gain exclusive access to variables either by disabling interrupts, locking the scheduler, using a semaphore, or preferably, using a mutual-exclusion semaphore. Note that a task can only communicate information to an ISR by using global variables. A task is not aware when a global variable is changed by an ISR, unless the ISR signals the task, or the task polls the contents of a variable periodically.
Messages can either be sent to an intermediate object called a message queue, or directly to a task since in µC/OS-III, each task has its own built-in message queue. You can use an external message queue if multiple tasks are to wait for messages. You would send a message directly to a task if only one task will process the data received.
When a task waits for a message to arrive, it does not consume CPU time.