Small systems of low complexity are typically designed as foreground/background systems or super-loops. An application consists of an infinite loop (F1-1(1)) that calls modules (i.e., tasks) to perform the desired operations (background). Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs) shown in F1-1(3) handle asynchronous events (foreground). Foreground is also called interrupt level; background is called task level.
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Most high-volume and low-cost microcontroller-based applications (e.g., microwave ovens, telephones, toys, etc.) are designed as foreground/background systems.
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